Data References


[1] LiverTox; Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD)

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012-. Fluoroquinolones. [Updated 2020 Mar 10]

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[2] Takahashi H, Hayakawa I, Akimoto T. [The history of the development and changes of quinolone antibacterial agents]

Yakushigaku Zasshi. 2003;38(2):161-79. Japanese. PMID: 15143768.

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[3] Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, F. (2018, December 20).

FDA warns about increased risk of ruptures or tears in the aorta blood. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

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[4] FDA. (2016, May 12)

FDA advises restricting use of fluoroquinolones for certain infections. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

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[5] FDA. (2018, July 18)

FDA updates warnings for fluoroquinolone antibiotics on risks of mental health and low blood sugar adverse reactions. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

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[6] Hall, M. M., Finnoff, J. T., & Smith, J. (2011, February 17)

Musculoskeletal complications of fluoroquinolones: Guidelines and precautions for usage in the athletic population. Science Direct - PM&R.

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 [7] FDA (2017)

Fluoroquinolone safety labeling changes - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA/DER Drug Information Webinar.

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[11] Michalak, K., Sobolewska-Włodarczyk, A., Włodarczyk, M., Sobolewska, J., Woźniak, P., & Sobolewski, B. (2017, September 25)

“Treatment of the fluoroquinolone-associated disability: The pathobiochemical implications. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity.”

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[12] Rui Liu, Shiling Hu, Yongjing Zhang, Delu Che, Jiao Cao, Jue Wang, Tingting Zhao, Qianqian Jia, Nan Wang, Tao Zhang (2019, May)

“Mast cell-mediated hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolone is MRGPRX2 dependent.” Science Direct / International Immunopharmacology”

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[14] Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, F. (2016, July 26)

FDA updates warnings for oral and injectable fluoroquinolone. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

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[19] OLIPHANT, PHARM.D., C. M., & GREEN, M.D., G. M. (2002, February 1)

Quinolones: A Comprehensive Overview. AAFP - Clinical Pharmacology.

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[26] Pieper​, ​S. (2021). Fluoroquinolone-Associated Disability (FQAD)

Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, Therapy and Diagnostic Criteria. (1st ed). Springer. 

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[28] Sharma, D., Patel, R., Zaidi, S., Moklesur, M., Sarker, R., Lean, Q., Ming, L.

Interplay of the Quality of Ciprofloxacin and Antibiotic Resistance in Developing Countries. Front Pharmacol. 2017; 8: 546, published online 2017 Aug 21.

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[30] Swallow, S. (2015)

9.5 Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. Fluorine in Medical Chemistry | ScienceDirect Topics.

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[31] Events

Open FDA Reporting, 2004-present Events.

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[32] FDA (2023, December 7)

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) public dashboard. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

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